10 Gurus of Sikhism

Names of 10 Gurus of Sikhs: There have been 10 Gurus of Sikhism. Guru Nanak Dev Ji was the originator (Janak) of Sikhism, after him, there have been 9 more Gurus. The tenth and last Guru of Sikhism was Gobind Singh. Notes related to 10 Gurus of Sikhism.

Names of 10 Gurus of Sikhism

1. Guru Nanak Dev Ji (1469-1539)

• Guru Nanak Dev, the originator of Sikhism, was born on 15 April 1469 at a place called Talwandi.
• It was Guru Nanak Dev Ji who founded Sikhism.
• Nanak's father's name was Kalyanchand (Mehta Kalu Ji) and his mother's name was Tripta.
• After the birth of Nanak ji, Talwandi was named Nankana. Presently this place is located in Pakistan.
• Nanak ji was married to a woman named Sulakkhani.
• Nanak Ji had two sons, Srichand and Lakshmichand.
• Nanak Ji had established a city named Kartarpur, which is located in present-day Pakistan. Guru Nanak ji died at this place in 1539.
• In 1496, on the night of Kartik Purnima, he attained knowledge.
• Guru Nanak Dev Ji had established Sangat and Pangat. Sangat means dharamsala and pangat means anchoring.

2. Guru Angad Dev Ji (1539-1552)

• Guru Angad Dev Ji was the second Guru of the Sikhs.
• Guru Nanak Dev had made him his successor, leaving his two sons.
• He was born on March 31, 1504, in Ferozepur, Punjab.
• His father's name was Feru Ji, who was a businessman by profession. His mother's name was Rama Ji.
• Guru Angad Dev is also known as Lahina ji.
• He gave birth to the Gurmukhi script.
• He was married to a woman named Khivi.
• They had 4 children. They had 2 sons and 2 daughters.
• Guru Angad Dev Ji lived with Guru Nanak Dev for about 7 years and then sat on the throne of the Sikh Panth.
• Guru Angad Dev Ji remained in his post from September 1539 to March 1552.
• Guru Angad Dev Ji started the system of langar permanently, away from the discrimination of caste and creed, and started the promotion of the Punjabi language.

3. Guru Amar Das ji (1552-1574)

• Guru Amar Das became the third Guru of Sikhism after Guru Angad Dev Ji.
• At the age of 61, he made Guru Angad Dev his guru and served him continuously since then.
• Seeing his service and dedication, Guru Angad Dev handed over his throne to him.
• Guru Amar Das died on September 1, 1574.
• Guru Amar Das opposed the practice of Sati and encouraged inter-caste marriage and widow marriage.

4. Guru Ramdas Ji (1574-1581)

• Guru Ramdas ji was the son-in-law of Guru Amardas.
• Guru Ramdas Ji was born in Lahore.
• His mother died in his childhood and his father also died at the age of 7 years. After that, he lived with his grandmother.
• Seeing their tolerance, humility, and obedience, Guru Amardas Ji married his younger daughter with them.
• Guru Ramdas had established a city named "Amrit Sarovar" in 1577 AD. Which later became famous as Amritsar.
• The Mughal emperor Akbar of the Mughal Empire respected him a lot. At the behest of Guru Ramdas Ji, Akbar waived the rent of Punjab for one year.

5. Guru Arjun Dev (1581–1606)

• Guru Arjun Dev was born on 15 April 1563.
• Guru Arjun Dev called himself the true king.
• Guru Arjun Dev was the son of the fourth Guru Ramdas.
• He got the Amrit Sarovar constructed and the "Harmandir Sahib" (Golden Temple) built in it, the foundation of which was laid by the hands of Sufi saint Mian Mir.
• The credit for composing the religious text (Adi Granth) also goes to him.
• Jahangir, for helping him in the rebellion of his son Khusro, caught Guru Arjun Dev and was tortured for five days, which he endured, then on 30 May 1606, he was put on a hot pan and hot sand and oil were poured over him. At this time it was getting scorching heat in Lahore. Due to these severe tortures, Guru Arjun Dev fainted and his body was thrown into the Ravi river.
• In the memory of Guru Arjun Dev Ji, 'Gurdwara Dera Sahib' has been built on the banks of river Ravi, which is presently located in Pakistan.

6. Guru Hargobind Singh (1606-1645)

• Guru Hargobind Singh was the son of the fifth Guru Arjan Dev, his mother's name was Ganga.
• He inspired the Sikhs to take up arms training.
• It was Guru Hargobind Singh who gave the form of a warrior to the Sikh sect.
• He had formed a small army. Due to this, he had to remain in Mughal captivity for 12 years.
• After his release, Guru Hargobind Singh revolted against Shah Jahan and defeated the Imperial Mughal army in 1628 AD in a battle near Amritsar.
• The Akal Takht was also built by Guru Hargobind Singh.
• He died in 1644 AD in Kiratpur, Punjab.

7. Guru Harrai (1645-1661)

• Guru Har Rai Sahib Ji was the younger son of Baba Gurdita Ji, son of the sixth Guru of Sikhism, Hargobind Singh.
• Guru Har Rai was married to Kishan Kaur, and they had two sons, Ram Rai Ji and Harkishan Sahib Ji.
• Guru Har Rai had helped Aurangzeb's brother Dara Shikoh in the rebellion.
• Guru Har Rai died in 1661 AD.

8. Guru Harkishan Sahib (1661-1664)

• Guru Harkishan Sahib was born on July 7, 1656, in Kartarpur Sahib, and was the son of the seventh Guru Har Rai.
• Guru Harkishan Sahib attained the throne in 1661 at the age of just 5 years.
• Aurangzeb opposed them due to his young age.
• To settle this dispute, when he went to Delhi to meet Aurangzeb, there was an epidemic of cholera. Guru Harkishan Sahib Ji himself suffered from smallpox after providing health benefits to many people.
• He died on 30 March 1664. In his last moments the words "Baba Bakale" came out of his mouth. Which meant that the next Sikh Guru would be traced from the village of Bakale.
• At the same time, Guru Harkishan Sahib had also instructed in the last moments that no one would cry after his death.

9. Guru Tegh Bahadur Singh (1664-1675)

• Guru Tegh Bahadur Singh was born on 18 April 1621 in Punjab.
• Guru Tegh Bahadur Singh sacrificed everything for religious freedom. In the true sense, Guru Tegh Bahadur Singh is called "Hind ki Chadar".
• During this time, Aurangzeb was forcibly converting religion. Disturbed by this, Kashmiri Pandits came to the shelter of Guru Tegh Bahadur, then he said go and tell Aurangzeb that if he makes me accept Islam, then all of us will also accept Islam.
• Attempts were made to convert Guru Tegh Bahadur Singh to Islam by first greed and then torture in the court of Aurangzeb.
• Two of his favorite disciples were killed in front of him by Aurangzeb for converting to Islam.
• When Aurangzeb was not successful in the end, the head of Guru Tegh Bahadur Singh was cut off on 24 November 1675 at Chandni Chowk. Is.

10. Guru Gobind Singh (1675-1708)

• The tenth and last Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Gobind Singh was born on 22 December 1666 in Patna.
• Guru Gobind Singh was the son of Guru Tegh Bahadur Singh, the 9th Guru of the Sikhs. He sat on the throne at the age of 9.
• He decided to avenge his father's death and raised the sword in his hand.
• His elder son Baba Ajit Singh and another son Baba Jujhar Singh attained martyrdom in the battle of Chamkaur. On 22 December 1704, a historic war was fought between the Sikhs and the Mughals at a place called Chamkaur on the banks of the Sirsa River.
• His two sons, Baba Zorawar Singh and Fateh Singh were elected alive in the wall on the orders of the Mughal governor Wazir Khan.
• The tenth and last Guru of the Sikhs, Gobind Singh, was assassinated by a Pathan in Nanded in October 1708. Before that, he founded the Khalsa Panth and abolished the Guru system.
• Guru Gobind Singh called the "Guru Granth Sahib" established by the fifth Guru Arjun Dev as the next Guru.

 

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